tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-82934668746261381692024-03-19T05:56:24.927-07:00Information on IcTi am eqahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11864552047448447208noreply@blogger.comBlogger14125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8293466874626138169.post-7602114244176970982010-07-13T19:16:00.000-07:002010-07-13T19:20:54.693-07:00Information Processing Cycle<a href="http://www1.pacific.edu/comp25/reading/1-InfoProcessingCycle.html"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><strong>What is the information processing cycle?</strong></span></a><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> The sequence of events in processing information, which includes (1) input, (2) processing, (3) output and (4) storage </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Input --> entering data into the computer.</strong></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Processing --> performing operations on the data.</strong></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Output --> presenting the results.</strong></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; color: #3d85c6; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><strong>Storage --> saving data, programs, or output for future use.</strong></span><br />
<span style="color: #ea9999; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><strong>1. INPUT</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The collection of raw data from the outside world so it can be put into an information system. Putting the acquired data into the information system. </span><br />
<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Typical input devices: </span><br />
<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"></span><br />
<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Keyboards, mice, flatbed scanners, bar code readers, joysticks, digital data tablets (for graphic drawing), electronic cash registers </span><br />
<span style="color: #ea9999; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><strong>2. PROCESSING</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">CPU Processor - Central Processing Unit</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">A central processing unit (CPU), or sometimes simply processor, is the key component in a digital computer capable of executing a program. It interprets computer program instructions and processes data. CPUs provide the fundamental digital computer trait of programmability, and are one of the necessary components found in computers of any era, along with memory and input/output facilities. A CPU that is manufactured as a single integrated circuit is usually known as a microprocessor. Beginning in the mid-1970s, microprocessors of ever-increasing complexity and power gradually supplanted other designs, and today the term "CPU" is usually applied to some type of microprocessor.</span><br />
<span style="color: #ea9999; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><strong>3. OUTPUT</strong></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">In information processing, output is the process of transmitting the processing information</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Essentially, output is the presentation of any data exiting a computer system. This could be in the form of printed paper, audio, video. In the medical industry this might include CT scans or x-rays. Typically in computing, data is entered through various forms (input) into a computer, the data is often manipulated, and then information is presented to a human (output).</span><br />
<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Typical output devices:</span><br />
<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Monitors,Printers </span><br />
<span style="color: #ea9999; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><strong>4. STORAGE</strong></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Storage, or mass storage refers to various techniques and devices for storing large amounts of data. The earliest storage devices were punched paper cards, which were used as early as 1804 to control silk-weaving looms. Modern mass storage devices include all types of disk drives and tape drives. Mass storage is distinct from memory, which refers to temporary storage areas within the computer. Unlike RAM memory, mass storage devices retain data even when the computer is turned off. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The smallest unit of storage is a file that contains such data as a resume, letter, budget, images or any one of the thousands of items that you may have saved for future reference. Additionally, files can be executable program files, or system files reserved for the operating system. Mass storage is measured in kilobytes (1,024 bytes), megabytes (1,024 kilobytes), gigabytes (1,024 megabytes) and terabytes (1,024 gigabytes). </span><br />
<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Examples of some mass storage devices</span><br />
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<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Floppy Disks: Relatively slow and have a small capacity, but they are portable, inexpensive, and universal </span><br />
<span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Hard disks : Very fast and with more capacity than floppy disks, but also more expensive. Some hard disk systems are portable (removable cartridges), but most are not. </span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF74I6x426k3DdhlkIoFaSkyrQVqJyzETYtXAHU48ZoEvigVC7sosVw0nF6bfZgQ86OIyKB1bIKnRYocH3C5LycIrDO3GWK9yXLxyS1aoPgPwWRNTF5thfB3pR63bVeWLDgaNAcf1DMe3G/s1600/information_processing_cycle.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="146" rw="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF74I6x426k3DdhlkIoFaSkyrQVqJyzETYtXAHU48ZoEvigVC7sosVw0nF6bfZgQ86OIyKB1bIKnRYocH3C5LycIrDO3GWK9yXLxyS1aoPgPwWRNTF5thfB3pR63bVeWLDgaNAcf1DMe3G/s320/information_processing_cycle.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>i am eqahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11864552047448447208noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8293466874626138169.post-89608561273211967232010-04-21T05:52:00.000-07:002010-04-21T05:52:50.280-07:00Motherboardhey,meet me again!!..today,i learned about motherboard..oh, b4 i forget to mention,motherboard in malay is papan induk..well,that's what my teacher,miss hanie said..it's not ibu papan ok..huhu^^<br />
so what's motherboard actually??<br />
in the pictures below is the picture of a motherboard:<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVldvDC0iJsPMs0RyGTa5kkGXf5z_XGq5DyDcwwksjqz3PC1HGfipQZIzAByoNnnpEt_KhrzSL-Wku83i5pr3SLddWPiXrrEfDaeSelBl9VsIxged9daabJC6snVRjb2MdrvXZ5TwiTawT/s1600/motherboard-parts.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVldvDC0iJsPMs0RyGTa5kkGXf5z_XGq5DyDcwwksjqz3PC1HGfipQZIzAByoNnnpEt_KhrzSL-Wku83i5pr3SLddWPiXrrEfDaeSelBl9VsIxged9daabJC6snVRjb2MdrvXZ5TwiTawT/s320/motherboard-parts.jpg" wt="true" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div>here's some information that i found in:<br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard</a><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;"> A motherboard is the central printed circuit board (PCB) in many modern computers and holds many of the crucial components of the system, while providing connectors for other peripherals. The motherboard is sometimes alternatively known as the main board, system board, or, on Apple computers, the logic board.[1] It is also sometimes casually shortened to mobo.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;"> Most computer motherboards produced today are designed for IBM-compatible computers, which currently account for around 90% of global PC sales[citation needed]. A motherboard, like a backplane, provides the electrical connections by which the other components of the system communicate, but unlike a backplane, it also connects the central processing unit and hosts other subsystems and devices.</span> <br />
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;"> A typical desktop computer has its microprocessor, main memory, and other essential components connected to the motherboard. Other components such as external storage, controllers for video display and sound, and peripheral devices may be attached to the motherboard as plug-in cards or via cables, although in modern computers it is increasingly common to integrate some of these peripherals into the motherboard itself.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;"> An important component of a motherboard is the microprocessor's supporting chipset, which provides the supporting interfaces between the CPU and the various buses and external components. This chipset determines, to an extent, the features and capabilities of the motherboard.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;">Modern motherboards include, at a minimum:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;">sockets (or slots) in which one or more microprocessors may be installed[3] </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;">slots into which the system's main memory is to be installed (typically in the form of DIMM modules containing DRAM chips) </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;">a chipset which forms an interface between the CPU's front-side bus, main memory, and peripheral buses </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;">non-volatile memory chips (usually Flash ROM in modern motherboards) containing the system's firmware or BIOS </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;">a clock generator which produces the system clock signal to synchronize the various components </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;">slots for expansion cards (these interface to the system via the buses supported by the chipset) </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;">power connectors, which receive electrical power from the computer power supply and distribute it to the CPU, chipset, main memory, and expansion cards.[4] </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></span>i am eqahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11864552047448447208noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8293466874626138169.post-12943284535163319362010-04-19T19:14:00.000-07:002010-04-19T19:19:02.649-07:00End of Exam!!<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;">yosh...exam finally over...and,i got my ict marks today~~lol</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;">i got an A for ict..well,better than PK1..quite good,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;">some of the questions are quiet easy..but i can't answer it properly...BAKA-me!!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;">hahhaha...of course.that's b'coz i don't even read anything before the exam..</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;">but,luckily,i managed to answer it...yeay!!thnx god...</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;">thnx to miss hanie for giving us some easy questions but not all of them is easy okay,some are hard too..</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: x-small;">well,at least,easy and better than PK1....lol~(wink-wink)</span>i am eqahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11864552047448447208noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8293466874626138169.post-47259305629255978362010-04-08T05:09:00.000-07:002010-04-08T05:09:53.037-07:00Output Devices<center><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #20124d;">Output Devices</span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #20124d;">Output devices are things we use to get information OUT of a computer.</span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #20124d;">Here are some examples of output devices.</span></span></span></span></center><center><table bgcolor="#FFFFFF" border="" cols="2"><tbody>
<tr><td><b><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #20124d;">Monitor - A monitor is the screen on which words, numbers, and graphics can be seem. The monitor is the most common output device.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></td><td><center><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #20124d;"><img height="82" src="http://www.wacona.com/output/monitor.gif" width="100" /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></center></td></tr>
<tr><td><b><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #20124d;">Compact Disk - Some compact disks can be used to put information on. This is called burning information to a CD.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #20124d;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #20124d;">NOTE: A CD can also be an input device.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></td><td><center><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #20124d;"><img height="50" src="http://www.wacona.com/output/cd2.gif" width="50" /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></center></td></tr>
<tr><td><b><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #20124d;">Printer - A printer prints whatever is on the monitor onto paper. Printers can print words, numbers, or pictures.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></td><td><center><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #20124d;"><img height="127" src="http://www.wacona.com/output/printer.gif" width="176" /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></center></td></tr>
<tr><td><b><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #20124d;">Speaker - A speaker gives you sound output from your computer. Some speakers are built into the computer and some are separate.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></td><td><center><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #20124d;"><img height="103" src="http://www.wacona.com/output/speaker.gif" width="80" /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></center></td></tr>
<tr><td><b><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #20124d;">Disk Drives - A disk drive is used to record information from the computer onto a floppy disk or CD.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></td><td><center><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #20124d;"><img height="34" src="http://www.wacona.com/output/diskdrive.gif" width="64" /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></center></td></tr>
<tr><td><b><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #20124d;">Floppy Disk - A floppy disk is used to record information on. The information is stored on the floppy disk and can be used later or used on another computer.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></td><td><center><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #20124d;"><img height="64" src="http://www.wacona.com/output/floppydisk.gif" width="64" /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></center></td></tr>
<tr><td><b><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #d9d2e9;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #20124d;">Headphones - Headphones give sound output from the computer. They are similar to speakers, except they are worn on the ears so only one person can hear the output at a time.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></td><td><center><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #8e7cc3;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #20124d;"><img height="116" src="http://www.wacona.com/output/earphone.gif" width="146" /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></center></td></tr>
</tbody></table></center>i am eqahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11864552047448447208noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8293466874626138169.post-43607833427053390132010-04-08T04:59:00.000-07:002010-04-08T05:01:44.302-07:00EBCDIC Character Code<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">E</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">BCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Information Code) is an eight-bit character set that was developed by International Business Machines (IBM). It was the character set used on most computers manufactured by IBM prior to 1981.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">EBCDIC is not used on the IBM PC and all subsequent "PC clones". These computer systems use ASCII as the primary character and symbol coding system. (Computer makers other than IBM used the ASCII system since its inception in the 1960s.)</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">EBCDIC is widely considered to be an obsolete coding system, but is still used in some equipment, mainly in order to allow for continued use of software written many years ago that expects an EBCDIC communication environment.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">The EBCDIC code assignments are shown in the following table.</span></span><br />
<br />
<table border=""><tbody>
<tr><td></td><td colspan="16"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Least Significant Bits</span></strong></center></td></tr>
<tr><td><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Most Sig. Bits \/</span></strong></td><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">0<br />
0000</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">1<br />
0001</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">2<br />
0010</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">3<br />
0011</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">4<br />
0100</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">5<br />
0101</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">6<br />
0110</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">7<br />
0111</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">8<br />
1000</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">9<br />
1001</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">A<br />
1010</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">B<br />
1011</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">C<br />
1100</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">D<br />
1101</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">E<br />
1110</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">F<br />
1111</span></strong></center></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">0<br />
0000</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">NUL</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(0)<br />
00</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">SOH</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(1)<br />
01</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">STX</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(2)<br />
02</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">ETX</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(3)<br />
03</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">PF</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(4)<br />
04</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">HT</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(5)<br />
05</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">LC</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(6)<br />
06</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">DEL</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(7)<br />
07</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">GE</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(8)<br />
08</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">RLF</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(9)<br />
09</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">SMM</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(10)<br />
0A</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">VT</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(11)<br />
0B</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">FF</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(12)<br />
0C</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">CR</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(13)<br />
0D</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">SO</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(14)<br />
0E</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">SI</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(15)<br />
0F</span></small></center></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">1<br />
0001</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">DLE</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(16)<br />
10</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">DC1</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(17)<br />
11</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">DC2</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(18)<br />
12</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">TM</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(19)<br />
13</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">RES</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(20)<br />
14</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">NL</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(21)<br />
15</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">BS</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(22)<br />
16</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">IL</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(23)<br />
17</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">CAN</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(24)<br />
18</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">EM</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(25)<br />
19</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">CC</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(26)<br />
1A</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">CUI</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(27)<br />
1B</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">IFS</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(28)<br />
1C</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">IGS</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(29)<br />
1D</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">IRS</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(30)<br />
1E</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">IUS</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(31)<br />
1F</span></small></center></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">2<br />
0010</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">DS</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(32)<br />
20</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">SOS</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(33)<br />
21</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">FS</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(34)<br />
22</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(35)<br />
23</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">BYP</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(36)<br />
24</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">LF</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(37)<br />
25</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">ETB</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(38)<br />
26</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">ESC</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(39)<br />
27</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(40)<br />
28</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(41)<br />
29</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">SM</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(42)<br />
2A</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">CU2</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(43)<br />
2B</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(44)<br />
2C</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">ENQ</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(45)<br />
2D</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">ACK</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(46)<br />
2E</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">BEL</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(47)<br />
2F</span></small></center></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">3<br />
0011</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(48)<br />
30</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(49)<br />
31</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">SYN</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(50)<br />
32</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(51)<br />
33</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">PN</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(52)<br />
34</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">RS</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(53)<br />
35</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">US</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(54)<br />
36</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">EOT</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(55)<br />
37</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(56)<br />
38</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(57)<br />
39</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(58)<br />
3A</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">CU3</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(59)<br />
3B</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">DC4</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(60)<br />
3C</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">NAK</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(61)<br />
3D</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(62)<br />
3E</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FF9999"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">SUB</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(63)<br />
3F</span></small></center></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">4<br />
0100</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">SP</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(64)<br />
40</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(65)<br />
41</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(66)<br />
42</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(67)<br />
43</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(68)<br />
44</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(69)<br />
45</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(70)<br />
46</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(71)<br />
47</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(72)<br />
48</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(73)<br />
49</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">¢</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(74)<br />
4A</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">.</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(75)<br />
4B</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(76)<br />
4C</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(77)<br />
4D</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">+</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(78)<br />
4E</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Note1</span></small></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(79)<br />
4F</span></small></center></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">5<br />
0101</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">&</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(80)<br />
50</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(81)<br />
51</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(82)<br />
52</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(83)<br />
53</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(84)<br />
54</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(85)<br />
55</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(86)<br />
56</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(87)<br />
57</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(88)<br />
58</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(89)<br />
59</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">!</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(90)<br />
5A</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">$</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(91)<br />
5B</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">*</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(92)<br />
5C</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">)</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(93)<br />
5D</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">;</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(94)<br />
5E</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">¬</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(95)<br />
5F</span></small></center></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">6<br />
0110</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">-</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(96)<br />
60</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">/</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(97)<br />
61</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(98)<br />
62</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(99)<br />
63</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(100)<br />
64</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(101)<br />
65</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(102)<br />
66</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(103)<br />
67</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(104)<br />
68</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(105)<br />
69</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">|</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(106)<br />
6A</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">,</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(107)<br />
6B</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">%</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(108)<br />
6C</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">_</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(109)<br />
6D</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">></span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(110)<br />
6E</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">?</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(111)<br />
6F</span></small></center></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">7<br />
0111</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(112)<br />
70</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(113)<br />
71</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(114)<br />
72</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(115)<br />
73</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(116)<br />
74</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(117)<br />
75</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(118)<br />
76</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(119)<br />
77</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(120)<br />
78</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">`</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(121)<br />
79</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">:</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(122)<br />
7A</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">#</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(123)<br />
7B</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">@</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(124)<br />
7C</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">'</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(125)<br />
7D</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">=</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(126)<br />
7E</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">"</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(127)<br />
7F</span></small></center></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">8<br />
1000</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(128)<br />
80</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#66CCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">a</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(129)<br />
81</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#66CCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">b</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(130)<br />
82</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#66CCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">c</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(131)<br />
83</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#66CCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">d</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(132)<br />
84</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#66CCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">e</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(133)<br />
85</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#66CCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">f</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(134)<br />
86</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#66CCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">g</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(135)<br />
87</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#66CCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">h</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(136)<br />
88</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#66CCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">i</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(137)<br />
89</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(138)<br />
8A</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(139)<br />
8B</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(140)<br />
8C</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(141)<br />
8D</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(142)<br />
8E</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(143)<br />
8F</span></small></center></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">9<br />
1001</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(144)<br />
90</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#66CCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">j</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(145)<br />
91</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#66CCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">k</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(146)<br />
92</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#66CCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">l</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(147)<br />
93</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#66CCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">m</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(148)<br />
94</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#66CCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">n</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(149)<br />
95</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#66CCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">o</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(150)<br />
96</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#66CCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">p</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(151)<br />
97</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#66CCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">q</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(152)<br />
98</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#66CCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">r</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(153)<br />
99</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(154)<br />
9A</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(155)<br />
9B</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(156)<br />
9C</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(157)<br />
9D</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(158)<br />
9E</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(159)<br />
9F</span></small></center></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">A<br />
1010</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(160)<br />
A0</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">~</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(161)<br />
A1</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#66CCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">s</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(162)<br />
A2</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#66CCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">t</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(163)<br />
A3</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#66CCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">u</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(164)<br />
A4</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#66CCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">v</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(165)<br />
A5</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#66CCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">w</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(166)<br />
A6</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#66CCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">x</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(167)<br />
A7</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#66CCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">y</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(168)<br />
A8</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#66CCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">z</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(169)<br />
A9</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(170)<br />
AA</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(171)<br />
AB</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(172)<br />
AC</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(173)<br />
AD</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(174)<br />
AE</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(175)<br />
AF</span></small></center></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">B<br />
1011</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(176)<br />
B0</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(177)<br />
B1</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(178)<br />
B2</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(179)<br />
B3</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(180)<br />
B4</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(181)<br />
B5</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(182)<br />
B6</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(183)<br />
B7</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(184)<br />
B8</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(185)<br />
B9</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(186)<br />
BA</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(187)<br />
BB</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(188)<br />
BC</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(189)<br />
BD</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(190)<br />
BE</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(191)<br />
BF</span></small></center></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">C<br />
1100</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">{</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(192)<br />
C0</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#99FF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">A</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(193)<br />
C1</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#99FF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">B</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(194)<br />
C2</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#99FF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">C</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(195)<br />
C3</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#99FF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">D</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(196)<br />
C4</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#99FF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">E</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(197)<br />
C5</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#99FF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">F</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(198)<br />
C6</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#99FF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">G</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(199)<br />
C7</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#99FF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">H</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(200)<br />
C8</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#99FF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">I</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(201)<br />
C9</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(202)<br />
CA</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(203)<br />
CB</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Note2</span></small></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(204)<br />
CC</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(205)<br />
CD</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Note3</span></small></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(206)<br />
CE</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(207)<br />
CF</span></small></center></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">D<br />
1101</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">}</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(208)<br />
D0</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#99FF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">J</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(209)<br />
D1</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#99FF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">K</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(210)<br />
D2</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#99FF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">L</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(211)<br />
D3</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#99FF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">M</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(212)<br />
D4</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#99FF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">N</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(213)<br />
D5</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#99FF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">O</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(214)<br />
D6</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#99FF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">P</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(215)<br />
D7</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#99FF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Q</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(216)<br />
D8</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#99FF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">R</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(217)<br />
D9</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(218)<br />
DA</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(219)<br />
DB</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(220)<br />
DC</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(221)<br />
DD</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(222)<br />
DE</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(223)<br />
DF</span></small></center></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">E<br />
1110</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">\</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(224)<br />
E0</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(225)<br />
E1</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#99FF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">S</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(226)<br />
E2</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#99FF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">T</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(227)<br />
E3</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#99FF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">U</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(228)<br />
E4</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#99FF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">V</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(229)<br />
E5</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#99FF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">W</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(230)<br />
E6</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#99FF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">X</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(231)<br />
E7</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#99FF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Y</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(232)<br />
E8</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#99FF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Z</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(233)<br />
E9</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(234)<br />
EA</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(235)<br />
EB</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCC66"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Note4</span></small></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(236)<br />
EC</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(237)<br />
ED</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(238)<br />
EE</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(239)<br />
EF</span></small></center></td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">F<br />
1111</span></strong></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">0</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(240)<br />
F0</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">1</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(241)<br />
F1</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">2</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(242)<br />
F2</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">3</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(243)<br />
F3</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">4</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(244)<br />
F4</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">5</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(245)<br />
F5</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">6</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(246)<br />
F6</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">7</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(247)<br />
F7</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">8</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(248)<br />
F8</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">9</span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(249)<br />
F9</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(250)<br />
FA</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(251)<br />
FB</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(252)<br />
FC</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(253)<br />
FD</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(254)<br />
FE</span></small></center></td><td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<center><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span> <small><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">(255)<br />
FF</span></small></center></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">(Information on printing color tables on color printers can be found </span></span><a href="http://nemesis.lonestar.org/site/color_tips.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">here.</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">)</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Notes:<br />
The following EBCDIC characters have no equivalents in the ASCII or ISO-8859 character sets used on the Internet, and cannot be displayed in this table.<br />
(1) Code 79 is a solid vertical bar, similar to the broken vertical bar (character 106).<br />
(2) Code 204 is the mathematics integration symbol.<br />
(3) Code 206 is a "Y" drawn with only right angles.<br />
(4) Code 236 is a horizontally-flipped "h".</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">In this table, the code or symbol name is shown on the first line, followed by the decimal value for that code or symbol, followed by the hexadecimal value. The binary value can be computed based on the row and column where the code or symbol resides, or directly from the hexadecimal value. For example, the character "+" has the binary value "0100 1110", with "0100" taken from the row and "1110" taken from the column. Similarly, the lowercase letter 'p' has the binary value "1001 0111".</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">The background color for each code or symbol indicates the category that the code resides in. </span></span><span style="color: red;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Red</span></span></b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> indicates control (non-printable) codes. </span></span><span style="color: #996633;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Orange</span></span></b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> indicates basic punctuation and symbols. </span></span><span style="color: #999900;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Yellow</span></span></b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> indicates numeric digits. </span></span><span style="color: #009900;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Green</span></span></b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> indicates the uppercase letters. </span></span><span style="color: blue;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Blue</span></span></b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> indicates lowercase letters. </span></span><span style="color: #cc00cc;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Purple</span></span></b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> indicates codes that have no assigned function or symbol in IBMs U.S. assignments. (Some of these values do have character assignments when using the T-11 or TN print chains or fonts. T-11 and TN are generally supersets of the standard EBCDIC shown above.)</span></span>i am eqahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11864552047448447208noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8293466874626138169.post-47693763111580948252010-04-06T05:43:00.000-07:002010-04-08T05:15:18.455-07:00Input Deviceshey,today in ICT class,i learned about input devices..~well,miss hanie didn't taught us much,coz we juz do the group presentation..there were 3 group,each group,4 people..i'm in group 1 wif my frenz,isma,effa and sheera...^^<br />
<br />
okay,here are some that i learned before..<br />
<br />
What is Input Devices?<br />
=>Input device is any hardware component that allow users to enter data and instructions into a computer.<br />
There are 4 types of input which are:<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><ul><li>Texts - e.g: keyboard,barcode reader, and scanner</li>
</ul><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://photobucket.com/images/keyboard" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="tiredworking keyboard Pictures, Images and Photos" border="0" src="http://i57.photobucket.com/albums/g203/cracklnros/animals/catsandkittens/catskittenscomputerskeyboards/catonkeyboardasleep.jpg" /></a><a href="http://photobucket.com/images/barcode%20scanner" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="handheld Pictures, Images and Photos" border="0" height="200" src="http://i60.photobucket.com/albums/h21/jacamawatan/barcode/180px-Barcode-scanner.jpg" width="178" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://photobucket.com/images/scanner" target="_blank"><img alt="CanoScan 8800 Pictures, Images and Photos" border="0" src="http://i404.photobucket.com/albums/pp124/BarbaraC_photo/CanoScan%20Scanner/76B76BB2-411A-49B5-990C-8DC6FB1B0E7.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"></div><ul><li>Graphics - e.g:digital camera,scanner</li>
</ul><div><a href="http://photobucket.com/images/digital%20camera" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="My Digital Camera Pictures, Images and Photos" border="0" src="http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v644/tholloman/TamisDigitalCamera.jpg" /></a></div> <a href="http://photobucket.com/images/scanner" target="_blank"><img alt="scanner Pictures, Images and Photos" border="0" height="130" src="http://i696.photobucket.com/albums/vv322/ploi_mark/scanner.jpg" width="200" /></a> <br />
<br />
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<ul><li>Audio - e.g: microphone,MIDI keyboard</li>
</ul><div><a href="http://photobucket.com/images/microphone" target="_blank"><img alt="Microphone Pictures, Images and Photos" border="0" src="http://i357.photobucket.com/albums/oo11/luv2singcpa/microphone.jpg" /></a> <a href="http://photobucket.com/images/midi%20keyboard" target="_blank"><img alt="Item # 063 Axiom 61 61-Keys USB MIDI Controller Pictures, Images and Photos" border="0" src="http://i542.photobucket.com/albums/gg435/soundcheck_2009/keyboards/330191.jpg" /></a><br />
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<br />
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<ul><li>Video - e.g:video digital camera,webcam,CCTV</li>
</ul><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://photobucket.com/images/cctv" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="cctv Pictures, Images and Photos" border="0" src="http://i986.photobucket.com/albums/ae343/jellot-to/cctv.gif" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXm8yA1Ai2Ku4vtZmx6rcZB8gshyQkM5mLxfTgY6haHXfLOT1Z6JFr7PViBVRmrFP9ZL1yGDOmeeijfk_KEDuXqx55CiDNhEIklBPB8Kh0wcVPlfCgeelzvth-ECo1tIbSE4LMnfLeajhy/s1600/webcam.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXm8yA1Ai2Ku4vtZmx6rcZB8gshyQkM5mLxfTgY6haHXfLOT1Z6JFr7PViBVRmrFP9ZL1yGDOmeeijfk_KEDuXqx55CiDNhEIklBPB8Kh0wcVPlfCgeelzvth-ECo1tIbSE4LMnfLeajhy/s200/webcam.jpg" width="173" /></a></div> </div></div><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"></span></div>i am eqahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11864552047448447208noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8293466874626138169.post-14164071968598455012010-04-02T00:39:00.000-07:002010-04-02T00:39:26.074-07:00ICt presentation<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">i'd done my presentation on last tuesday...huhuhu..^^</span></span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">i picked the title-virus (trojan and worm)...ms hanie was in charge for giving my mark...</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">well,yeah..as expected..i became stuttered in front of the teacher...i started to speak in broken-english,and bahasa rojak..hahah..if i recorded my speech..it must be really funny..only insane people speak like that..n,yeah...i noticed miss hanie smiled and giggled sometimes...omg!!at that moment,i felt like i'm the worst!!..baka!!</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">but who cares,i juz want it over,i don't care about my words or the way i speak okay...hahah...many of my friends haven't do it..so,i feel more relieved and relaxed....</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">now,i juz have to concentrate on revising b'coz PK2 exam is juz around da corner...target mark for ict-maybe A-</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">lalala...~~</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5F3aWBzc2DXNSkXjt8K4y8VqsOS1_vriUQGE0A8cVmN8EKFk5PAOuLCOCyWPSHcxpQ6ea6QXhb88qENtsMOqEeH3MaxCrmzaj1zXNbymU4W-_nZm9XYgf8E5KNoWKono8TckBgK2r-dDF/s1600/20050408-studying.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5F3aWBzc2DXNSkXjt8K4y8VqsOS1_vriUQGE0A8cVmN8EKFk5PAOuLCOCyWPSHcxpQ6ea6QXhb88qENtsMOqEeH3MaxCrmzaj1zXNbymU4W-_nZm9XYgf8E5KNoWKono8TckBgK2r-dDF/s200/20050408-studying.jpg" width="187" /></a></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span></div>i am eqahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11864552047448447208noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8293466874626138169.post-83745218226868359582010-04-01T06:25:00.000-07:002010-04-01T21:50:13.357-07:00Computer Security<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;"><b>SECURITY MEASURES</b></span></span></div><br />
<ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Anti virus</span></i></span></span></li>
</ul><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e06666;">definition</span> -<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Antivirus</span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> (or </span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">anti-virus</span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">) </span></span><b><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Software"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">software</span></span></a></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> is used to prevent, detect, and remove </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malware" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Malware"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">malware</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">, including </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_virus" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #5a3696; text-decoration: none;" title="Computer virus"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">computer viruses</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">, </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_worm" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #5a3696; text-decoration: none;" title="Computer worm"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">worms</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">, and </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_horse_(computing)" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #5a3696; text-decoration: none;" title="Trojan horse (computing)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">trojan horses</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">. Such programs may also prevent and remove </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adware" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Adware"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">adware</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">, </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spyware" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Spyware"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">spyware</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">, and other forms of malware.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">You can help protect your computer against viruses by using antivirus software, such as:</span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><div><ol><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #404040; line-height: 20px;"><a href="http://free.grisoft.com/doc/2/lng/us/tpl/v5" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #3691a6; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"><b>AVG Free Edition</b></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"><b> </b>– AVG Resident Shield provides real-time protection executions of files and programs. It features a smart e-mail scanner, virus updates and virus vault for </span></span></span><span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD3" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat repeat !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 255) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #3333ff; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; font-style: normal !important; font-weight: normal !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">secure</span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"> handling of the files which are infected by viruses. The base </span></span></span><span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD11" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat repeat !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 255) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #3333ff; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; font-style: normal !important; font-weight: normal !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">version for windows</span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"> is Free for private and non-commercial use.</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #404040; line-height: 20px;"><a href="http://www.mcafee.com/us/" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #3691a6; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"><b>McAfee VirusScan for Windows:</b></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"> This antivirus package detects all virus types, including Word and Excel macros; boot-sector infections; and file, multipartite, stealth, polymorphic, and encrypted viruses</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #404040; line-height: 20px;"><a href="http://www.kaspersky.com/products.html" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #3691a6; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"><b>Kaspersky Anti-Virus Personal Pro</b></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"> – A commonly used virus protection solution offering full protection against macro-viruses and unknown viruses. It offers reliable data integrity control and protection of e-mails from viruses.</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #404040; line-height: 20px;"><a href="http://www.eset.com/index.php" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #3691a6; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"><b>ESET NOD32 Antiviru</b>s</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"> – ESET NOD32 Anti-virus is available as an anti-virus for </span></span></span><span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD7" style="background-attachment: scroll !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: repeat repeat !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(51, 51, 255) !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-width: 1px !important; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #3333ff; cursor: pointer !important; display: inline !important; font-style: normal !important; font-weight: normal !important; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static; text-decoration: underline !important;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">small businesses</span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">, individuals and for large networks. The trialware enables the user to try the application for a period of 30 days</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #404040; line-height: 20px;"><a href="http://www.avast.com/eng/free_virus_protectio.html" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #3691a6; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"><b>avast! Home Edition</b></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"> – A free antivirus solution for scanning disk, CDs, in E-mail, HTTP, NNTP, IM and P2P</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #404040; line-height: 20px;"><a href="http://www.symantec.com/index.html" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #3691a6; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"><b>Norton AntiVirus</b></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"> – Norton AntiVirus is the most popular and secure virus scanner for checking boot sector records at startup. The live update feature automatically installs new updates for regular protection against viruses</span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ol><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #404040;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 20px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">To help prevent the most current viruses, you must update your antivirus software regularly. You can set up most types of antivirus software to update automatically. </span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 20px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 17px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 20px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 17px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">How to Identify Virus?</span></span></b></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Two technique are used to identify the virus.</span></span></b></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
If an antivirus program identifies an infected file, it attempts to remove its virus, worm or Trojan horse. If the antivirus program cannot remove the infection, it often quarantines the infected file. Quarantine is a separate area of a hard disk that holds the infected file until the infection can be removed. This step ensures other files will not become infected. Patents for inventions Utility, design or plant patents that protect inventions and improvements to existing inventions</span></span> </b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></span></b></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 17px;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 17px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Anti-spyware</span></i></span></span></span></li>
</ul><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 17px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e06666;">definition</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"> - <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Spyware is a program placed on a computer without the user’s knowledge. It secretly collects information about the user.<br />
<br />
The spyware program communicates information to the outside source.<br />
<br />
An anti-spyware application program sometime called tracking software or a spybot is used to remove spyware.<br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> Among of the popular anti-spyware programs are:<br />
• Spybot Search and Destroy<br />
• Ad-aware<br />
• Spyware Blaster</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 17px;">Some vendors or employers use spyware to collect information about program usage or employees. Internet advertising firms often collect information about users’ Web browsing habits by hiding spyware in adware. Adware is a program that dispkays an online advertisement in a banner or pop-up windows on Web pages, email, or othe Internet services</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 17px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 17px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span></div><div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">How to protect your computer from spyware?</span></span></b></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">The best defence against spyware and other unwanted technologies is to prevent them from getting into your computer in the first place. Here are some steps you can take to stay safe while using the Internet and software programs.</span></span></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">- Keep security on your computer up to date</span></span></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">o Update security patches</span></span></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">o Security and privacy settings in Internet browsers</span></span></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">- Only download programs from web sites you trust.</span></span></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">- Beware of the fine print: Read all security warnings, license agreements, privacy statements, and “opt-in” notices with any software you download.</span></span></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">- Don’t be tricked into clicking: You don’t have to click “OK,” “Agree,” or “Cancel” to close a window.</span></span></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">- Be extra careful with certain types of “free” programs.</span></span></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">- Use available tools to detect and delete spyware.</span></span></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">o Anti-spyware and antivirus software</span></span></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">o Personal firewall</span></span></b></span></div><div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Cryptography</span></span></i></span></span></li>
</ul><div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e06666;">definition</span> - <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">A process associated with scrambling plaintext (ordinary text, or cleartext) into ciphertext (a process called encryption), then back again (known as decryption).</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">Almost all cryptosystems depend on a key such as a password like the numbers or a phrase that can be used to encrypt or decrypt a message.<br />
The traditional type of cryptosystem used on a computer network is called a symmetric secret key system.</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #b6d7a8;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrbnHnBaB6NqAKVllIs7quBSzUcjEZhwEBf_wUGENoGjSMiaoBomVF4TkBd8arTM-QAjAcBhu_-Tjd6GcUjRWZkjzYSBrfkYwqderK5780OZKpxmDsFaiSdErIdrttxBoS7vV67Avf9R4g/s1600/ENCRYPT.GIF" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrbnHnBaB6NqAKVllIs7quBSzUcjEZhwEBf_wUGENoGjSMiaoBomVF4TkBd8arTM-QAjAcBhu_-Tjd6GcUjRWZkjzYSBrfkYwqderK5780OZKpxmDsFaiSdErIdrttxBoS7vV67Avf9R4g/s320/ENCRYPT.GIF" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"></div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">Firewall</span></span></i></span></span></li>
</ul><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e06666;">definition</span> - <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A </span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">firewall</span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> is a part of a computer system or network that is designed to block unauthorized access while permitting authorized communications. It is a device or set of devices which is configured to permit or deny computer based application upon a set of rules and other criteria.</span></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Firewalls can be implemented in either hardware or software, or a combination of both. Firewalls are frequently used to prevent unauthorized Internet users from accessing private networks connected to the Internet, especially </span></span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intranets" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Intranets"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">intranets</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">. All messages entering or leaving the </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intranet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Intranet"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">intranet</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> pass through the firewall, which examines each message and blocks those that do not meet the specified security criteria.</span></span></div><div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">There are several types of firewall techniques:</span></span></div><ol style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_(computing)#First_generation_.E2.80.93_packet_filters" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Packet filter</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">: Packet filtering inspects each packet passing through the network and accepts or rejects it based on user-defined rules. Although difficult to configure, it is fairly effective and mostly transparent to its users. It is susceptible to </span></span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_spoofing" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="IP spoofing"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">IP spoofing</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">.</span></span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_gateway" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Application gateway"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Application gateway</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">: Applies security mechanisms to specific applications, such as </span></span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTP" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="FTP"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">FTP</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> and </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telnet" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Telnet"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Telnet</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> servers. This is very effective, but can impose a performance degradation.</span></span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit-level_gateway" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Circuit-level gateway"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Circuit-level gateway</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">: Applies security mechanisms when a </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Transmission Control Protocol"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">TCP</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> or </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="User Datagram Protocol"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">UDP</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> connection is established. Once the connection has been made, packets can flow between the hosts without further checking.</span></span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_server" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #002bb8; text-decoration: none;" title="Proxy server"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Proxy server</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">: Intercepts all messages entering and leaving the network. The proxy server effectively hides the true network addresses.</span></span></li>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"><h1 style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 2px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="articleTitle" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">How Firewalls Work?</span></span></span></span></span></h1><div><span class="articleTitle" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b></span></div><div><span class="articleTitle" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"></span></span></b></span></span></span><br />
<span class="articleTitle" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"></span></span></span></b></span><br />
<span class="articleTitle" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-weight: normal;"></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="articleTitle" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-weight: normal;"></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="articleTitle" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;"></span></span><br />
<span class="articleTitle" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;"></span></span><br />
<span class="articleTitle" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 2px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;"><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 14pt; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">If you have been using the Internet for any length of time, and especially if you work at a larger company and browse the Web while you are at work, you have probably heard the term</span></span></b></span><strong style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">firewall</span></span></span></strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> used. For example, you often hear people in companies say things like, "I can't use that site because they won't let it through the firewall."</span></span></b></span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 14pt; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">If you have a fast Internet connection into your home (either a </span></span></b></span><a href="http://www.howstuffworks.com/dsl.htm" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">DSL connection</span></span></b></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> or a </span></span></b></span><a href="http://www.howstuffworks.com/cable-modem.htm" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">cable modem</span></span></b></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">), you may have found yourself hearing about firewalls for your </span></span></b></span><a href="http://www.howstuffworks.com/home-network.htm" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">home network</span></span></b></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ea9999;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> as well. It turns out that a small home network has many of the same security issues that a large corporate network does. You can use a firewall to protect your home network and family from offensive Web sites and potential hackers.</span></span></b></span></div><div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14pt; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://computer.howstuffworks.com/computer-networking-pictures.htm" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: left; color: #005288; float: left; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="firewall diagram" height="184" src="http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/firewall.gif" style="border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-style: initial; border-style: initial; border-width: initial; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="409" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" /><span class="caption" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;">Firewalls have helped protect computers in large companies for years. Now, they're a critical component of home networks, as well. See more <a href="http://computer.howstuffworks.com/computer-networking-pictures.htm" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #005288; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">computer networking pictures</a>.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div style="text-align: left;"><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">Data backup</span></i></span></span></span></span></li>
</ul><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #e06666;">definition</span> - </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Data Backup is a program of file duplication. Backups of data applications are necessary so that they can be recovered in case of an emergency.</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Data backup involves the saving of your data in two or more locations, so that if something happens to your computer, you still have your data reserved in backup. This allows you to keep your data even if you lose your computer. While you might think that the chances of having a major loss of data on your computer or even having your entire computer crash are very small, disasters happen and it is always best to prepare for the worst, especially when it comes to something as irreplaceable as your files.</span></span></span></span></div></div></span></span></div></span></div></span></div></div></div></div></span></span></span></span></div></div></div>i am eqahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11864552047448447208noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8293466874626138169.post-38917154431255614512010-03-31T05:01:00.000-07:002010-04-01T06:29:34.640-07:00ICT Class (31/3/2010)<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">hey..today I attend ICt class,but we didn't study at all..ooyeah!!haha...no study means no homework right??that's great..hihihihi.....^^</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">our two cute teachers,miss hanie and pn zalina asked us to do some kind??of assignment..hahah..i don't know how to describe it..actually,it's pretty simple and easy to do work..but we made it hard for the teachers to sign and gave us mark...i'm one of those..my mark should be deducted b'coz i didn't write it on the form correctly,but yahh..!!thnx a lot to pn zalina who is kind enough to gave me full mark..eventhough i done it in wrong way...hohoho...?juz this time okay~..next time,i'll do it correctly and nicely yah teacher???hihiihi...</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">oh yeah..mostly forget,i also do the presentation for ict today..hah...i feel the burden on my shoulders start to dissapear for today..now,i only have to do bahasa melayu presentation..lol~(^-^)</span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://photobucket.com/images/smiley" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="hahah Pictures, Images and Photos" border="0" src="http://i1018.photobucket.com/albums/af304/hanamaze/smiley/hahah.gif" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div>i am eqahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11864552047448447208noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8293466874626138169.post-41071693704973258382010-03-29T19:42:00.000-07:002010-04-01T06:28:48.882-07:00Clock Speed Measurement<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #93c47d;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">WHAT IS CLOCK SPEED?</span></b></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Clock speed is a measure of how quickly a computer completes basic computations and operations. It is measured as a frequency in <span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b>hertz,</b></span></span> and most commonly refers to the speed of the computer's <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b>CPU, or Central Processing Unit</b></span>. Since the frequency most clock speed measures is very high, the terms </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b>megahertz and gigahertz</b></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> are used. <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple;"><b>A megahertz is one-million cycles per second, while a gigahertz is one-billion cycles per second.</b></span> So a computer with a clock speed of 800MHz is running 800,000,000 cycles per second, while a 2.4GHz computer is running 2,400,000,000 cycles per second.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">from:</span></span><a href="http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-clock-speed.htm"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-clock-speed.htm</span></span></a><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">CLOCK SPEED MEASUREMENT</span></b></span></div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Hertz</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Megahertz (MHz)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Gigahertz (GHz)</span></span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">In wireless communications, the term "Hz" (pronounced Hertz after the name of 19th century scientist Heinrich Hertz) refers to the transmission frequency of radio signals in cycles per second. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: magenta;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">1 MHz (Megahertz) equals one million cycles per second, while 1 GHz (Gigahertz) equals one billion cycles per second or 1000 MHz.</span></span></b></span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">The speed of the computer can turn data into information.Every microprocessor contains a system clock.</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">The clock speed unit is measured in hertz.A hertz is on cycle per second.</span></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi38U49K3uL7duTnkvElUdCYVmeQvgG6ypfiTCgYEoMq_nOa2w4A-sOXbcNtyvFm5r16rShajZxEkNK4ijR44QDv1ok9bOa5JPQo8vGKovBB6X8pjDYVunZ-1OsVtQjcxSb5iVmQE-rT4jb/s1600/hert.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi38U49K3uL7duTnkvElUdCYVmeQvgG6ypfiTCgYEoMq_nOa2w4A-sOXbcNtyvFm5r16rShajZxEkNK4ijR44QDv1ok9bOa5JPQo8vGKovBB6X8pjDYVunZ-1OsVtQjcxSb5iVmQE-rT4jb/s320/hert.jpg" /></span></span></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTUjpcV5uQ37wN4y0iWZJuhpSMMTaIEfzchc2PpVQlkKx-VlT7Z0T22subpYnNWglK0FXtBBIWzemPBZfFX_9q0ZEifXWdKt2pauZqpyekEInvY4NdWn7fEirwhaOk9x2dFaRliuLb4t8V/s1600/Untitled.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><img border="0" height="74" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTUjpcV5uQ37wN4y0iWZJuhpSMMTaIEfzchc2PpVQlkKx-VlT7Z0T22subpYnNWglK0FXtBBIWzemPBZfFX_9q0ZEifXWdKt2pauZqpyekEInvY4NdWn7fEirwhaOk9x2dFaRliuLb4t8V/s200/Untitled.jpg" width="200" /></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-4E2ppN8p1Z5o7hpVsGl9dqpILidO0IFkbYz-avwphl5O9MKxnhkjNUn_27HIqLtgHmicYGaqgMwixjf-v-gZF_z4rZGbQrte7B7iUFKxoITOSABIKoa9eprj5-flYQHww-3SLclGnxwz/s1600/Untitled+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><img border="0" height="62" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-4E2ppN8p1Z5o7hpVsGl9dqpILidO0IFkbYz-avwphl5O9MKxnhkjNUn_27HIqLtgHmicYGaqgMwixjf-v-gZF_z4rZGbQrte7B7iUFKxoITOSABIKoa9eprj5-flYQHww-3SLclGnxwz/s200/Untitled+2.jpg" width="200" /></span></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"></div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Mega is a prefix stands for = MILLION</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Gigahertz stands for = 1 BILLION</span></span></li>
</ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: magenta;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white;"><b><i>e.g: A computer that operates at 933 MHz (megahertz) has 933 million clock cycles in one second.</i></b></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"></div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">A CPU with a higher clock speed can process more instructions per second that a CPU with a lower clock speed</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">The combination of speed and number of paths determines the total processing speed or channel bandwidth.This is because different processors often use different architectures.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">For this reason,a 1.4 GHz Pentium 4 performs better that a 1.4 GHz Pentium 3,but it is not as fast as a 1.4 GHz Power PC G4 processor.</span></span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime;">CONVERT</span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: lime; font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ead1dc;">1 GHz (gigahertz) = 1000 MHz (megahertz)</span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #ead1dc;">1 MHz (megahertz) = 1.0E-6 THz (terahertz)</span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://photobucket.com/images/line" target="_blank"><img alt="7 Pictures, Images and Photos" border="0" src="http://i819.photobucket.com/albums/zz116/noknacon_1985/Line/kapook_20665.gif" /></a></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></div>i am eqahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11864552047448447208noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8293466874626138169.post-21745347807433773582010-02-24T04:40:00.000-08:002010-02-24T05:09:10.575-08:00ICT Test Paper<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'lucida grande';">hey.....say hello to me again...</span></span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'lucida grande';">today,i attend the ict class...guess what??</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'lucida grande';">we got the exam paper today loll!!~~</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'lucida grande';">hihihihi...my mark is not really good...well,i had expected this thing before...</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'lucida grande';">i'm not gonna say or make an announcement about my mark because it's really embarassing thing...hahhah...i'm just gonna tell my grade....well,</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'lucida grande';">firstly,'syukur alhamdulillah lah' i got </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#993399;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'lucida grande';">A- </span></span></i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'lucida grande';">grade for the ict paper...</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'lucida grande';">secondly,i'm not really satisfied with my mark..hahaha..coz i don't like the symbol </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#993399;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'lucida grande';"> </span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'lucida grande';">minus (-)</span></span></i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'lucida grande';"> thing...!!</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'lucida grande';">and,for sure,we have to do the correction for all the mistakes that we made....</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'lucida grande';">hihihi....i can accept it because it normal thing to do right after you got the test paper right??</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'lucida grande';">i mean,most of the teachers would ask the same thing to us...please do the correction! correction! correction! and correction.....lalalala....</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'lucida grande';">i know.... i know.... i will do it okay...i promise...~~ (^-^)</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'lucida grande';"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'lucida grande';">oh yah...,,i forgot to say something....congratulations to my friend,nurul natasha...b'coz she got the highest mark for the test paper...88%....woww....impressive...!!! keep up the good work friend~~</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'lucida grande';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'lucida grande';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#66FFFF;"><a href="http://photobucket.com/images/happy" target="_blank"><img src="http://i867.photobucket.com/albums/ab239/Pramudiana/SE_Emoticon/Happy.gif" border="0" alt="Happy Pictures, Images and Photos" /></a></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#FF6666;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">p/s=sorry for all the grammar or spelling mistake that i made ok....^^</span></span></span></div>i am eqahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11864552047448447208noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8293466874626138169.post-36056760497752571292010-02-23T05:23:00.000-08:002010-04-01T04:28:56.309-07:00Chinese New Year Holiday Homework<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, tahoma, 'times New Roman'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #993399;"><b>Kekuatan dan kelemahan anda dalam menjawab soalan PK1 dan cara untuk mengatasinya. Nyatakan sekali langkah-langkah yang anda rancangkan agar anda dapat skor A dalam subjek ICT</b></span></span><br />
<div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, tahoma, 'times New Roman'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande';">' PK1 ICT test for me is slighty hard! lorr (T-T) well,i'm pretty sure the reason behind it is because i didn't read and prepared anything to face the exam.~~lalala...that's really me!...hahahha....well,for PK2,i will work harder but i don't promise the result will be a good grade as the teacher hope so.....hihihi... '</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande';"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande';"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #cc33cc;">Strength:</span></b></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande';">-some of the questions i can answer easily..because i had read the score A book before the exam...</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande';">well,i don't remember which question but i also not sure whether my answer is correct or wrong..lalala...</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande';">i just write down whatever i have in my mind ~~.....</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #cc33cc;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande';"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #cc33cc;">Weakness:</span></b></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande';">-I think i know the answer but it just happened that i don't know how to make a good sentence for the answer in subjective questions...whatever grammar error i just 'langgar lahh~~' hahahaha......</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande';"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #cc33cc;"><b>Ways to overcome it:</b></span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande';">-of course,i have to do a LOOOT of exercise though i don't like it....(>-<)</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande';">-memorize important facts (ingat jgn x ingat) </span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande';">-always read the ict note until i got bored and fall asleep...hihihhi</span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande';"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; line-height: 22px;"><a href="http://tinypic.com/" target="_blank"><img alt="Image and video hosting by TinyPic" border="0" src="http://i25.tinypic.com/2e329eu.jpg" /></a></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande';"><br />
</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #ff6666;">p/s= all the grammar mistake i make in my text,just ignore it lah....besides,i'm not really good in english...(^-^)</span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #ff6666;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #ff6666;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, tahoma, 'times New Roman'; font-size: 130%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px;"><br />
</span></span></div>i am eqahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11864552047448447208noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8293466874626138169.post-13213125456325785502010-02-20T18:28:00.000-08:002010-04-01T06:27:46.310-07:00Answering Questions<blockquote></blockquote><blockquote></blockquote><blockquote></blockquote><blockquote></blockquote><blockquote></blockquote><blockquote></blockquote>"People interact directly with computer in many fields in our daily life,ICT helps people in managing several sectors but we have threats to computer such as viruses and natural disasters."<br />
<br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3333ff;">a)Name 4 main sectors that use ICT in their management</span></b><br />
<br />
<i><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #00cccc;">i ) Services sector</span></b></i><br />
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 85%;"><b>>The ICT services sector (telecommunications and computer services) plays a smaller role in aggregate productivity growth, but it has also been characterised by rapid progress, owing, in part, to liberalisation of telecommunications markets and the rate of technological change.</b><br />
<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3333ff;"><br />
</span></i></span><br />
<div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3333ff; font-family: arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://tinypic.com/" target="_blank"><img alt="Image and video hosting by TinyPic" border="0" src="http://i33.tinypic.com/necm0l.jpg" /></a></span></span></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3333ff; font-family: arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></span></i></div><i><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #00cccc;">ii) Health sector</span></b></i><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>>ICT has the potential to impact upon almost every aspect of the health sector. In public health, information management and communication processes are pivotal, and are facilitated or limited by the available information and communication technology. In addition, beyond the formal health sector, the ability of impoverished communities to access services and engage with and demand a health sector that responds to their priorities and needs, is importantly influenced by wider information and communication processes, mediated by ICT.</b><br />
</span><br />
</span></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://tinypic.com/" target="_blank"><img alt="Image and video hosting by TinyPic" border="0" src="http://i43.tinypic.com/2ciaefl.jpg" /></a></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #00cccc;">iii) Education sector</span></i></b><br />
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 85%;"><b>>The school’s capacity to use ICT to extend and differentiate student learning opportunities, and to support students to manage and direct their learning.On the other hand,ICT brings many benefit to the student and teachers in searching for information and knowledge.</b><br />
<br />
</span><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #00cccc;">iv) Business sector</span></i></b><br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><b>>The use of ICT in business is to connect online with the customers to purchase or selling products.This method can save time and cost and thus,make the activities faster and more efficient.<br />
</b></span><br />
</span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3333ff;">b)State 2 difference that can be used between </span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3333ff;">worm</span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3333ff;"> and </span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3333ff;">viruses.</span></i></b><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #33ccff;">What is worm?</span></i></b></span></div><br />
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 85%;"><b>Definition: Computer worms are malicious software applications designed to spread via computer networks. Computer worms are one form of malware along with </b></span><a href="http://compnetworking.about.com/cs/worldwideweb/g/bldef_virus.htm"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 85%;"><b>viruses</b></span></a><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 85%;"><b> and </b></span><a href="http://compnetworking.about.com/cs/worldwideweb/g/bldef_trojan.htm"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 85%;"><b>trojans</b></span></a><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 85%;"><b>. A person typically installs worms by inadvertently opening an email attachment or message that contains executable scripts.<br />
Once installed on a computer, worms spontaneously generate additional email messages contaning copies of the worm. They may also open </b></span><a href="http://compnetworking.about.com/cs/basictcpip/g/bldef_tcpip.htm"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 85%;"><b>TCP</b></span></a><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 85%;"><b> ports to create networks security holes for other applications, and they may attempt to "flood" the </b></span><a href="http://compnetworking.about.com/cs/lanvlanwan/g/bldef_lan.htm"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 85%;"><b>LAN</b></span></a><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><b> with spurious Denial of Service (DoS) data transmissions.<br />
</b></span><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #33ccff;">What is virus?</span></i></b></span></div></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 85%;"><b>Computer viruses are small software programs that are designed to spread from one computer to another and to interfere with computer operation.<br />
A virus might corrupt or delete data on your computer, use your e-mail program to spread itself to other computers, or even erase everything on your hard disk.<br />
Viruses are most easily spread by attachments in e-mail messages or instant messaging messages. That is why it is essential that you never open e-mail attachments unless you know who it's from and you are expecting it.<br />
Viruses can be disguised as attachments of funny images, greeting cards, or audio and video files.<br />
Viruses also spread through downloads on the Internet. They can be hidden in illicit software or other files or programs you might download.<br />
To help avoid viruses, it's essential that you keep your computer current with the </b></span><a href="http://update.microsoft.com/microsoftupdate"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 85%;"><b>latest updates</b></span></a><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 85%;"><b> and </b></span><a href="http://www.microsoft.com/uk/protect/computer/viruses/antivirus.mspx"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 85%;"><b>antivirus tools</b></span></a><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 85%;"><b>, stay informed about </b></span><a href="http://onecare.live.com/standard/en-us/virusenc/"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 85%;"><b>recent threats</b></span></a><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 85%;"><b>, and that you follow a </b></span><a href="http://www.microsoft.com/uk/protect/computer/viruses/prevent.mspx"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 85%;"><b>few basic rules</b></span></a><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 85%;"><b> when you surf the Internet, download files, and open attachments.<br />
Once a virus is on your computer, its type or the method it used to get there is not as important as removing it and preventing further infection.<br />
</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3333ff;"><b><i>Differences between worm and virus:</i></b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;">-The key difference between a virus and worm <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #cc33cc;">is the manner in which it reproduces and spreads.</span><br />
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3333ff;">Virus:</span></i></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://photobucket.com/images/viruses" target="_blank"><img alt="viruses Pictures, Images and Photos" border="0" src="http://i20.photobucket.com/albums/b223/iconshelley/2109385.gif" /></a></span></div><br />
<ul><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 85%;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">A virus is dependent upon the host file or boot sector, and the transfer of files between computers to spread.</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 85%;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">A virus copies itself around the system by gradually attaching the virus code to every common executable program available on the computer.</span></b></span></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3333ff;"><i><b>Worm:</b></i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://tinypic.com/" target="_blank"><img alt="Image and video hosting by TinyPic" border="0" src="http://i17.tinypic.com/86hiu6h.jpg" /></a></span></div><ul><li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">A worm spread on its own accord through network connections.</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">A Worm is a subset of a virus in that it makes copies of itself but does so without needing to modify a host. </span></b></span></li>
</ul><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3333ff;">c) There are 6 types of security measures that can be used to protect our computer.What is:</span></b><br />
<ul><li style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #00cccc;">CRYPTOGRAPHY</span></i></b></li>
</ul><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b>Cryptography can be defined as the conversion of data into a scrambled code that can be deciphered and sent across a public or private network. Cryptography uses two main styles or forms of encrypting data; symmetrical and asymmetrical. Symmetric encryptions, or algorithms, use the same key for encryption as they do for decryption. Other names for this type of encryption are secret-key, shared-key, and private-key. The encryption key can be loosely related to the decryption key; it does not necessarily need to be an exact copy.</b></span><br />
<ul><li style="text-align: center;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #00cccc;">FIREWALL</span></i></b></li>
</ul><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #3333ff;"><b><i><br />
</i></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://tinypic.com/" target="_blank"><img alt="Image and video hosting by TinyPic" border="0" src="http://i35.tinypic.com/345kajm.jpg" /></a></span></i></div><span style="font-size: 85%;"><b>A firewall is a part of a computer system or network that is designed to block unauthorized access while permitting authorized communications. It is a device or set of devices configured to permit, deny, </b></span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encrypt" title="Encrypt"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><b>encrypt</b></span></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"><b>, </b></span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decrypt" title="Decrypt"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><b>decrypt</b></span></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"><b>, or </b></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_server" title="Proxy server"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><b>proxy</b></span></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"><b> all (in and out) computer traffic between different </b></span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_Domains" title="Security Domains"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><b>security domains</b></span></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"><b> based upon a set of rules and other criteria.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;"><b>Firewalls can be implemented in either hardware or software, or a combination of both. Firewalls are frequently used to prevent unauthorized Internet users from accessing private networks connected to the Internet, especially </b></span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intranets" title="Intranets"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><b>intranets</b></span></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"><b>. All messages entering or leaving the </b></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intranet" title="Intranet"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><b>intranet</b></span></a><span style="font-size: 85%;"><b> pass through the firewall, which examines each message and blocks those that do not meet the specified security criteria.</b></span><br />
<a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Firewall.png"></a></div>i am eqahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11864552047448447208noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8293466874626138169.post-34173950471143930972010-02-01T20:54:00.000-08:002010-04-01T06:27:00.170-07:00Impact of ICT on society<b>"question given: DEscribe impact of ICT on society?"</b><br />
<div><br />
</div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://photobucket.com/images/computer" target="_blank"><img alt="computer icons Pictures, Images and Photos" border="0" src="http://i879.photobucket.com/albums/ab360/cleanpics/Icons/icons.jpg" /></a></span></div><b><br />
</b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 78%;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000099;"><b>Positive Impact:</b></span><br />
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<i><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #66ffff;">Faster Communication Speed</span></b></i><br />
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 85%;"><b>=>With the internet,news or messages are sent vie e-mail to anyone efficiently.With the capability of broadband and speed of connection on the Internet,any information can be travel faster.</b></span><b><br />
</b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 85%;"></span><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #66ffff;"><br />
</span></i></b></div><div><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #66ffff;">Lower Communication Cost</span></i></b><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;"><b>=>Using the Internet is cost-effective than the other modes of communication such as telephone, mailing or courier service. It allows people to have access to large amounts of data at a very low cost. With the Internet we do not have to pay for any basic services provided by the Internet. Furthermore, the cost of connection to the Internet is relatively cheap.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;"></span><br />
<b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #66ffff;">Sharing Opinions and Information</span></i></b><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;"><b>=>People from around the world can exchange and share information,news and opinions through internet.This enable knowledge sharing which will contribute to the development of knowledge based society.</b></span><b><br />
</b><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #33ff33;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #33cc00;"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #66ffff;">Paperless Environment</span></i></b></span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: 85%;"><b>=>Information can be stored and retrieved through the digital medium instead of paper.Nowadays,trees are been cutting to produce a lot of paper.Now,With the development of internet,the produce of paper can be reduce.Furthermore,online communication via emails, online chat and instant messaging also helps in creating the paperless environment.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000099;"><b><br />
</b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #000099;"><b>Negative Impact:</b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;"><b>=>There are some negative effects of ICT. It has created social problems in the society. Nowadays, people tend to choose online communication rather than having real time conversations. <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #cc33cc;">People tend to become more individualisti</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #cc66cc;">c</span> and introvert theft,hacking,pornography,and online gambling.This will result moral decadent and threat to the society.</b></span><b><br />
<span style="font-size: 85%;"></span><br />
</b><span style="font-size: 85%;"><b>=>A computer may <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #cc33cc;">harm the user if they use it for a long hours </span>frequently.In order to solve this problem,people should a special chair that can reduced back starain and a screen filter to minimize eyestrain.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"></span><br />
<div><span style="font-size: 85%;"><b><br />
</b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://tinypic.com/" target="_blank"><img alt="Image and video hosting by TinyPic" border="0" src="http://i37.tinypic.com/21k08zd.jpg" /></a></div></div>i am eqahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11864552047448447208noreply@blogger.com0